Leadership to improve nurse engagement and empowerment: evidences to improve the training of nurses.

AIM: The objective of this study was to identify the key dimensions of transformational leadership that influence the promotion of engagement and structural empowerment in a population of nurses from different care settings. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey study asking about engagement, leadership style and structural empowerment was used. Descriptive and correlational statistics were applied followed by hierarchical regression. 131 nurses were recruited from a Spanish health organisation using random sampling. RESULTS: Individualised consideration and intellectual stimulation were predictors of structural empowerment in a hierarchical regression of transformational leadership dimensions controlled by demographic variables (R2=0.467). In addition, intellectual stimulation was a predictor of engagement (R2=0.176). CONCLUSION: The results are the starting point for the design of an organisationwide educational intervention to increase the engagement of nurses and staff development.

How primary and secondary appraisals of daily stressful eventsinfluence negative and positive affect / ¿Cómo la evaluación primaria y secundaria de los eventos estresantes cotidianos influyen en el afecto negativo y positivo?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of primary and secondary appraisal, and of coping strategies, on daily stress, taking in-to account any possible effect of the big five personality traits. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 people filled out an on-line diary in which they rec-orded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and sec-ondary appraisal of this, and how they coped with it. The results indicate that negative affect is influenced by a high degree of primary appraisal, lim-ited secondary appraisal and a high rate of refusal, with no significant in-fluence of personality traits. Positive affect ismainly influenced by a lower extent of primary appraisal, more secondary appraisal, and by a low rate of refusal and of social support seeking. Moreover, a low level of neuroticism was a predictor of greater positive affect. These data are discussed, high-lighting the importance of a situational assessment of stressful episodes at each moment to not only understand the effects of stress on health but al-so, to develop effective interventions.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la evaluación primaria, secundaria y de las estrategias de afrontamiento sobre el estrés diario, teniendo en cuenta cualquier posible efecto de los cinco grandes rasgos de personalidad. Durante 10 días, una cohorte de 122 personas llenó un diario en línea en el que registraron el evento estresante más importante de cada día, su evaluación primaria y secundaria y cómo lo afrontaron. Los resultados indican que el afecto negativo está influido por una evaluación primaria alta, una evaluación secundaria limitada y una alta tasa de rechazo, sin influencia significativa de los rasgos de personalidad. El afecto positivo está influido principalmente por un menor grado de valoración primaria, una evaluación secundaria alta, por una baja tasa de rechazo y de búsqueda de apoyo social. Además, un nivel bajo de neuroticismo fue el mejor predictor del afecto positivo. Se discuten estos datos, destacando la importancia de una evaluación situacional de episodios estresantes en cada momento para no sólo comprender los efectos del estrés en la salud sino también, para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas.(AU)

Estrés cotidiano en supervivientes de cáncer / Daily stress in cancer survivors

Introducción: El número de supervivientes de cáncer ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años. Estas personas presentan necesidades asistenciales específicas, y se sienten vulnerables ante cualquier tipo de problema de salud, por lo que, contrariamente a lo que sería esperable, la finalización del tratamiento parece dar inicio a una etapa extremadamente estresante para los supervivientes. Objetivo: Describir las características del malestar cotidiano durante situaciones consideradas estresantes para los supervivientes de cáncer. Metodología: Se ha usado una Evaluación Ecológica Momentánea para recoger información sobre las actividades cotidianas de los supervivientes de cáncer al final del día. Muestra: Sesenta supervivientes de varios tipos de cáncer, que han contestado a un cuestionario online durante 15 días consecutivos. Resultados: Los supervivientes han experimentado un evento estresante un 55,12% de los días registrados, de los cuales el 45,41% de ellos fue atribuido al hecho de ser superviviente y generó niveles de malestar más elevados. El evento estresante más frecuente, cuando se atribuye a la supervivencia, ha sido el problema físico (87,60%). Conclusiones: El problema físico es claramente un evento estresante relacionado con la fase de supervivencia y, es un problema que no parece resolverse con el tiempo. En general, los eventos estresantes atribuidos a la supervivencia generan más malestar.Palabras clave: Cáncer, supervivientes, estrés cotidiano, fatiga, bienestar psicológico (AU)

Introduction: The number of cancer survivors has dramatically increased in recent years. These people have specific healthcare needs, and feel vulnerable to any type of health problems. Contrary to what would be expected, when cancer treatment is finished an extremely stressful stage for survivors begins. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of daily distress during everyday situations considered stressful by cancer survivors. Methodology: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, information about daily activities of cancer survivors was recorded at the end of the day. Sample: Sixty survivors of various types of cancer, who answered an online survey for a total of 15 consecutive days. Results: Survivors experienced a stressful event at 55,12% of the days recorded, and 45,41% of these days the event was related to the fact of being a survivor and generated higher levels of discomfort. Physical problem was the most frequent stressful event attributed to survival (87.60% of them). Conclusions: the physical problem related to the survival stage is clearly a stressful factor that does not seem to resolve itself over time. To a great extent, stressful events linked to the survival experience, give rise to more distress (AU)

Perceived stress and well-being: The role of social support as a protective factor among Peruvian immigrants in Spain / Estrés percibido y bienestar: el papel del apoyo social como factor protector en inmigrantes peruanos en España

BACKGROUND: Migration is a potentially stressful process due to the sociocultural changes and the adaptation processes that go along with it. However, social support can mitigate the impact of stress, ease the adaptation process and contribute to migrants' overall well-being. The aim of this study was to explore to what extent social support buffers the effects of stress and ethnic prejudice on subjective well-being and physical symptoms in a Peruvian immigrant community in Spain. METHOD: One hundred and thirty seven people participated in the study, 67.2% of them women and 32.8% men, with an age range between 19 and 64 years, who responded to self-report instruments through an online survey. The statistical analysis consisted of obtaining a structural equation model (SEM) in order to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects involved in the relationships between the study variables. RESULTS: Social support was shown to have a significant direct effect (beta = .174, p = .017) on the participants' degree of subjective well-being, as well as an indirect effect mediated by both stress and ethnic prejudice (beta = .170, p < .001). No significant direct relationship was found between the degree of social support and the severity of participants' physical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The level of social support contributes to subjective well-being and acts as a protective factor against the effects of high levels of stress and ethnic prejudice, thus fostering immigrants' process of adaptation to their new socio-cultural context

ANTECEDENTES: La migración es un proceso potencialmente estresante debido a los cambios socioculturales y de adaptación que supone. No obstante, el apoyo social puede moderar el impacto del estrés, favorecer la adaptación y contribuir con el bienestar de las personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el papel amortiguador del apoyo social sobre el estrés y el prejuicio étnico en el nivel de bienestar subjetivo y en la severidad de síntomas físicos en inmigrantes peruanos residentes en España. MÉTODO: Participaron 137 personas, 67.2% mujeres y 32.8% varones, con un rango de edad entre 19 y 64 años, quienes respondieron instrumentos de autoinforme a través de una encuesta online. El análisis estadístico consistió en obtener un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para estimar los efectos directos, indirectos y totales en la relación entre las variables de estudio. RESULTADOS: El apoyo social obtuvo un efecto directo significativo (Beta =.174, p=.017) sobre el grado de bienestar subjetivo y también un efecto indirecto mediado por el nivel de estrés y el prejuicio étnico (Beta =.170, p<.001). No se encontró ningún efecto directo significativo entre el grado de apoyo social y la severidad de los síntomas físicos. CONCLUSIONES: El grado de apoyo social contribuye con el bienestar subjetivo y ejerce un papel de protección sobre los niveles de estrés y prejuicio étnico, lo cual favorece la adaptación de los inmigrantes a nuevos contextos socioculturales

When and how do hospital nurses cope with daily stressors? A multilevel study.

BACKGROUND: During their workday, nurses face a variety of stressors that are dealt with using different coping strategies. One criticism of the contextual models of work stress is that they fail to focus on individual responses like coping with stress. Neverthless, little is know about the momentary determinants of coping in nurses. OBJECTIVES: To identify the momentary predictors of problem-focused approaching coping and emotion-focused approaching coping, as well as those for seeking social support and refusal coping strategies, during the working day in nurses. DESIGN: This study uses descriptive, correlational, two-level design with repeated measures. SETTINGS: Wards of two University hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: A random cohort of 113 nurses was studied. METHODS: An ecological momentary assessment was made of demand, control, effort, reward, nursing task, coping, mood and fatigue, and of coping style by questionnaire. Multilevel two-level statistical analyses were performed in order to identify both within person and between person relationships. RESULTS: Different momentary types of coping were associated with different tasks. The problem-focused coping could be explained by the direct care and medication tasks, demand, planning coping style, mood, and negatively by acceptation coping style. Emotion-focused coping could be explained by documentation and medication tasks (negatively), mood, demand, distraction, and disengagement coping styles. Seeking social support coping could be explained by the task of communication, mood, fatigue (negatively), and seeking emotional support as a coping style. Refusal coping could be explained by mood, and the coping style of focusing and venting emotions. Refusal coping is not specific to any task. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of the coping strategy depends on the task, of their appraisal and on the different styles of coping.

How the Lagged and Accumulated Effects of Stress, Coping, and Tasks Affect Mood and Fatigue during Nurses' Shifts.

Nurses experience significant stress and emotional exhaustion, leading to burnout and fatigue. This study assessed how the nurses' mood and fatigue evolves during their shifts, and the temporal factors that influence these phenomena. Performing a two-level design with repeated measures with moments nested into a person level, a random sample of 96 nurses was recruited. The ecological momentary assessment of demand, control, effort, reward, coping, and nursing tasks were measured in order to predict mood and fatigue, studying their current, lagged, and accumulated effects. The results show that: (1) Mood appeared to be explained by effort, by the negative lagged effect of reward, and by the accumulated effort, each following a quadratic trend, and it was influenced by previously executing a direct care task. By contrast, fatigue was explained by the current and lagged effect of effort, by the lagged effect of reward, and by the accumulated effort, again following quadratic trends. (2) Mood was also explained by problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, indicative of negative mood, and by support-seeking and refusal coping strategies. (3) Fatigue was also associated with direct care and the prior effect of documentation and communication tasks. We can conclude that mood and fatigue do not depend on a single factor, such as workload, but rather on the evolution and distribution of the nursing tasks, as well as on the stress during a shift and how it is handled. The evening and night shifts seem to provoke more fatigue than the other work shifts when approaching the last third of the shift. These data show the need to plan the tasks within a shift to avoid unfinished or delayed care during the shift, and to minimize accumulated negative effects.

Salud del cuidador: adaptación y validación del cuestionario Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) en población española / Caregiver's health: adaption and validation in a Spanish population of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI)

Objetivo: Adaptar y validar el Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) en población española, aportando evidencia empírica de su consistencia interna, estructura interna y validez. Método: Validación psicométrica de la versión adaptada del ECI. Participaron 172 personas cuidadoras (69,2% mujeres) con una edad media de 57,51 años (rango: 21-89). Se usaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, e instrumentos estandarizados (ECI, escala de sufrimiento SCL-90-R y escala de sobrecarga Zarit). Se analizaron las dos escalas de apreciación negativa del ECI más relacionadas con trastornos mentales graves (conductas disruptivas [CD] y síntomas negativos [SN]) y las dos escalas de apreciación positiva (experiencias personales positivas [EPP] y aspectos buenos de la relación [ABR]). Se utilizó unExploratory Structural Equation Modelingpara analizar la estructura interna. También se estudió la relación entre las escalas del ECI y las puntuaciones de SCL-90-R y Zarit. Resultados: El modelo de cuatro factores presentó buen ajuste. El alfa de Cronbach (CD: 0,873; SN: 0,825; EPP: 0,720; ABR: 0,578) mostró una mayor homogeneidad en las escalas negativas. Las puntuaciones del SCL-90-R se correlacionaron con las escalas negativas del ECI, y ninguna de las escalas del ECI se correlacionó con la escala Zarit. Conclusiones: La versión ECI en español puede considerarse un instrumento válido, fiable y factible para su administración en los contextos sanitario y comunitario

Objective: To adapt and to validate the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) in a Spanish population, providing empirical evidence of its internal consistency, internal structure and validity. Method: Psychometric validation of the adapted version of the ECI. One hundred and seventy-two caregivers (69.2% women), mean age 57.51 years (range: 21-89) participated. Demographic and clinical data, standardized measures (ECI, suffering scale of SCL-90-R, Zarit burden scale) were used. The two scales of negative evaluation of the ECI most related to serious mental disorders (disruptive behaviours [DB] and negative symptoms [NS]) and the two scales of positive appreciation (positive personal experiences [PPE], and good aspects of the relationship [GAR]) were analyzed. Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to analyze the internal structure. The relationship between the ECI scales and the SCL-90-R and Zarit scores was also studied. Results: The four-factor model presented a good fit. Cronbach's alpha (DB: 0.873; NS: 0.825; PPE: 0.720; GAR: 0.578) showed a higher homogeneity in the negative scales. The SCL-90-R scores correlated with the negative ECI scales, and none of the ECI scales correlated with the Zarit scale. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the ECI can be considered a valid, reliable, understandable and feasible self-report measure for its administration in the health and community context

Influencia de la inteligencia emocional percibida en el afrontamiento del estrés cotidiano / Influence of the perceived emotional intelligence on the coping of the daily stress

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El presente estudio investiga la influencia de cada una de las dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional percibida (IEP) sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento ante situaciones de estrés cotidiano. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La muestra estuvo formada por 50 personas entre 18 y 25 años. La inteligencia emocional se evaluó a través de la escala TMMS-24 que contiene 3 dimensiones: atención emocional, claridad emocional y reparación emocional. Se realizó una evaluación ecológica momentánea durante 4 días en la que se registraron los estresores diarios con el DISE, el estado afectivo con el PANAS y el afrontamiento del estrés cotidiano mediante la escala MoCope. Se evaluaron 4 tipos de afrontamiento: afrontamiento centrado en el problema, búsqueda de apoyo social, aceptación de las emociones y rechazo. El diseño fue cuasiexperimental con medidas repetidas y los datos se analizaron mediante regresiones múltiples. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron que: a) las personas con alta claridad emocional usaron más el afrontamiento centrado en el problema, la aceptación de las emociones y menos el rechazo, b) las personas con alta reparación emocional usaron más el afrontamiento centrado en el problema, la búsqueda de apoyo social y menos el rechazo; y c) las personas con alta atención emocional usaron más la aceptación de emociones y la búsqueda de apoyo social. CONCLUSIONES: Estos resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que la inteligencia emocional favorece el bienestar emocional al promover el afrontamiento adaptativo frente al estrés cotidiano

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of each perceived emotional intelligence dimension on coping strategies in the face of daily stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample was comprised of 50 people aged 18 to 25 years. PEI was assessed through the TMMS-24 that evaluates three dimensions: emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair. A momentary ecological assessment was carried out in which the daily stressors were recorded with the DISE; the affective state with the PANAS; and the coping with the daily stress using the MoCope scale. The assessment lasted four days. Four types of coping were evaluated: Problem-focused coping, seeking social support, acceptance of emotions, and rejection. The design was quasi-experimental with repeated measures. The data were analysed by multiple regressions. RESULTS: The results showed that: a) People with high emotional attention used more acceptance of emotions and seeking social support; b) people with high emotional clarity used more problem-focused coping and acceptance of emotions but less rejection; and c) people with high emotional repair used more problem-focused coping and seeking social support but less rejection. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that PEI strengthens emotional well-being because it promotes adaptive coping ability of daily stress

[Caregiver's health: adaption and validation in a Spanish population of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI)]. / Salud del cuidador: adaptación y validación del cuestionario Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) en población española.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and to validate the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) in a Spanish population, providing empirical evidence of its internal consistency, internal structure and validity. METHOD: Psychometric validation of the adapted version of the ECI. One hundred and seventy-two caregivers (69.2% women), mean age 57.51 years (range: 21-89) participated. Demographic and clinical data, standardized measures (ECI, suffering scale of SCL-90-R, Zarit burden scale) were used. The two scales of negative evaluation of the ECI most related to serious mental disorders (disruptive behaviours [DB] and negative symptoms [NS]) and the two scales of positive appreciation (positive personal experiences [PPE], and good aspects of the relationship [GAR]) were analyzed. Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to analyze the internal structure. The relationship between the ECI scales and the SCL-90-R and Zarit scores was also studied. RESULTS: The four-factor model presented a good fit. Cronbach's alpha (DB: 0.873; NS: 0.825; PPE: 0.720; GAR: 0.578) showed a higher homogeneity in the negative scales. The SCL-90-R scores correlated with the negative ECI scales, and none of the ECI scales correlated with the Zarit scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the ECI can be considered a valid, reliable, understandable and feasible self-report measure for its administration in the health and community context.

Relación entre roles y satisfacción vital en personas con discapacidad física en ámbito comunitario / Relationship between roles and life satisfaction in people with physical disabilities in community setting

Introducción. El desempeño de roles ocupacionales puede ser una fuente de estrés, tensión y conflicto, pero también puede estar relacionado con experimentar satisfacción vital. Diversos estudios se han llevado a cabo en población general, y también especialmente en personas mayores con el objetivo de analizar esta relación. No obstante, no existen investigaciones al respecto en población adulta con discapacidad física. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de presentar discapacidad física en la relación entre los roles y la satisfacción vital en personas adultas. Método. Se trató de un estudio transversal analítico, en el que 42 personas adultas con discapacidad física y 41 sin discapacidad respondieron a la Escala de Satisfacción Vital y a un Cuestionario sobre roles ocupacionales en el que se recogió información sobre número de roles, aspectos volicionales de éstos y tiempo empleado. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron una correlación significativa y positiva entre el mayor número de roles y el mayor tiempo dedicado a su desempeño y la satisfacción vital en personas con discapacidad física. La interacción entre la presencia de discapacidad y número de roles fue una variable predictora significativa para la satisfacción vital. Sin embargo, no se encontró relación entre la volición de los roles desempeñados y la satisfacción vital en ningún grupo. Conclusiones. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia de incorporar intervenciones que incrementen la participación en varios roles para las personas con discapacidad física.

Introduction. The performance of occupational roles can be a source of stress, tension and conflict, but can also be related to experiencing s satisfaction. Several studies have been carried out in the general population and in the elderly with the aim of analyzing this relationship. However, no research has been conducted on this topic in adults with physical disabilities. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of physical disability on the relationship between roles and life satisfaction in adults. Methods. The research was a cross-sectional study in which 42 adults with physical disabilities and 41 adults without physical disability completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale and a questionnaire about occupational roles that collected information on the number of roles performed by participants, volitional aspects of such roles and time dedicated to them. Results. Results showed a significant positive correlation between the greater number of roles and greater time spent in their performance and life satisfaction only in people with physical disabilities. The interaction between the presence of disability and the number of roles was a significant predictor of life satisfaction. However, no relationship was observed between volitional aspects of the roles performed and life satisfaction in either group. Conclusion. These results highlight the importance of conducting interventions that increase participation in various roles for people with physical disabilities.

Relationships between leadership, structural empowerment, and engagement in nurses.

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships among structural empowerment, the leadership style of managers, and the engagement of nurses in a health organization of Spain. BACKGROUND: Transformational leadership has an impact on patient security and satisfaction as well as the well-being and engagement of healthcare workers. Empowerment is a management practice that is fundamental for professional growth and positively affects the quality of patient care. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Randomized sample of 131 nurses recruited from 11 health centres with different levels of care was surveyed to assess managers' leadership style, nurse empowerment, and work engagement. The data were analysed by descriptive and correlational statistics and hierarchical mediated regression. RESULTS: The transformational leadership of the nurse manager directly and positively influences the structural empowerment of nurses. The structural empowerment of nurses directly and positively influences engagement. The transformational leadership of managers positively influences nurse engagement through the mediating effect of structural empowerment. CONCLUSION: The structural empowerment of nurses acts as a mediator between the transformational leadership of nurse managers and nurse engagement. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: The transformational leadership of nurse managers at the unit level has a double impact on staff nurses: first, increasing empowerment and second, increasing the engagement of the nurse staff.

Flow in Nurses: A Study of Its Relationship With Health and Burnout in a Hospital Work Context.

How does the experience of flow among nurses influences their health? This question is addressed on the basis of a model of flow, stress, burnout, and coping. The results indicate that promoting flow can be a way to enhance the health of ward nurses in a hospital work context.

How does emotional exhaustion influence work stress? Relationships between stressor appraisals, hedonic tone, and fatigue in nurses' daily tasks: A longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Work-related stress is a prevalent condition in the nursing profession, and its influence may vary according to changeable individual and situational factors. It is, therefore, important to investigate the real-time momentary changes in these factors and their relationship to emotional exhaustion experienced by nurses. OBJECTIVES: We aim to analyse how their perceptions of demand, control, effort and reward change according to the task performed through real-time assessment and interact with the emotional exhaustion level of ward nurses. DESIGN: The research design was longitudinal. METHOD: A three-level hierarchical model with a repeated measures design was used to assess the momentary self-reports of 96 hospital ward nurses, completed using a smartphone programmed with random alarms. RESULTS: Findings show that demand, effort, and control appraisals depend on the task performed. The task appraised as most demanding, effortful, and controllable was direct care. Reward appraisal depends on the task performed and personal variables, i.e. emotional exhaustion. The situations perceived as more rewarding were rest and direct care. Momentary hedonic tone can be explained by the task performed, demand, reward, emotional exhaustion and by the interaction between emotional exhaustion and demand appraisal. Momentary fatigue can be explained by the task performed, demand, reward, and the emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of using momentary measures to understand complex and changeable inter-relationships. While also clarifying the targets of intervention programmes aimed at preventing burnout within the nursing profession.

Implicación de las enfermeras en su profesión. Un estudio cualitativo sobre el engagement / Engagement of nurses in their profession. Qualitative study on engagement

OBJETIVO: Identificar aspectos comunes de las enfermeras con elevado engagement, que nos permitan desarrollar con más profundidad el constructo aplicado a enfermería. MÉTODO: A partir del paradigma constructivista y con un enfoque fenomenológico, se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo del contenido, utilizando una aproximación inductiva. Las participantes fueron enfermeras que trabajaban en atención directa de diferentes ámbitos asistenciales. El tamaño de la muestra vino dado por la saturación de los datos y fue de 15 participantes a los que se les realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas grabadas. RESULTADOS: Las unidades de significado se agruparon en 11 subcategorías, estas a su vez en 7 categorías, que se han llamado vigor, dedicación, recompensa, autonomía, apoyo social, conciliación y cualidades de las enfermeras. Posteriormente estas categorías se agruparon en 3 grandes temas: características de los puestos de trabajo, características de las organizaciones y características individuales. CONCLUSIONES: El hecho de tener un engagement elevado no significa ignorar los aspectos negativos del trabajo y de las organizaciones. Las enfermeras que mantienen el engagement elevado también se ven afectadas por los aspectos negativos, sin embargo, la apreciación de aspectos positivos como disfrutar con el trabajo, el significado de ser enfermera, la recompensa y la autonomía permiten superar el proceso de desgaste del engagement. A la vista de los resultados se propone una reconceptualización del constructo que contemple las particularidades de la enfermería

OBJECTIVE: To identify common issues of nurses with high engagement to enable us to develop the construct as it applies to nursing in more depth. METHOD: Based on the constructivist paradigm and with a phenomenological approach, a qualitative content analysis was conducted using an inductive approach. Participants were nurses working in direct care in different healthcare areas. The sample size was determined by data saturation and 15 participants were interviewed. RESULTS: The units of meaning were grouped into 11 subcategories, and then into 7 categories termed vigour, dedication, reward, autonomy, social support, conciliation and attributes of nurses. Then these categories were grouped into 3 major themes: job characteristics, characteristics of organizations, and individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Having high engagement does not mean ignoring the negative aspects of work and organizations. Nurses who maintain high engagement are also affected by the negative aspects, however the assessment of positive aspects such as enjoying the work, the meaning of being a nurse, reward and autonomy enable the process of depletion of engagement to be overcome. In view of the findings, we propose reconceptualising the construct, taking the features of nursing into account

Análisis cualitativo de temas construidos y emergentes a partir de una experiencia piloto de psicoterapia centrada en la compasión (PCC) en pacientes con cáncer avanzado / Qualitative analysis of constructed and emerging themes from a pilot experience of Compassion Centered Psychotherapy (PCC) in patients with advanced cancer

Introducción: Desde el Instituto Catalán de Oncología de Duran i Reinals, se desarrolla un modelo de «Psicoterapia grupal Centrada en la Compasión» (PCC), enfocada a pacientes con cáncer en fase avanzada. El modelo trabaja constructos terapéuticos como «compasión» o«autocompasión», junto a la atención consciente (mindfulness) para mejorar el bienestar emocional y ayudar al crecimiento personal y espiritual de estos pacientes. Objetivo: El presente estudio piloto tiene como objetivo evaluar la adecuación del nuevo modelo de PCC propuesto. Concretamente evalúa la adecuación de los constructos trabajados por la terapia, la existencia de nuevos temas relevantes para el paciente no contemplados en el modelo, y la consistencia global del modelo a nivel de estructura, tareas y contenido. Método: La metodología fue cualitativa, se grabó y transcribió un ciclo de 8 sesiones de PCC y se hizo un análisis temático del contenido de las sesiones. El análisis fue realizado por dos evaluadores de forma independiente. La muestra final estuvo formada por 9 pacientes. Resultado: Los resultados obtenidos indican que hay una buena adecuación de los constructos trabajados en la terapia y del modelo en general. Sin embargo, será necesario incluir el tema de las «relaciones interpersonales», tema muy relevante para el paciente no contemplado en el modelo. Además, se obtuvo información sobre principales preocupaciones de los pacientes, dificultades a la hora de realizar algunas tareas propuestas y un feedback positivo de la propia psicoterapia y de su participación. Conclusiones: Este estudio piloto aporta información relevante que permite ajustar y mejorar la propuesta del modelo de PCC inicial (AU)

Introduction: People from the Catalan Institute of Oncology of Duran i Reinals have developed a model of «Psicoterapia grupal Centrada en la Compasión» (PCC), focused on patients with advanced cancer develops. The model works therapeutic constructs as «compassion» or «self-compassion» with mindfulness to improve emotional distress and help to the personal and spiritual growth of these patients. Objective: This pilot study aims to assess the adequacy of the new model proposed of PCC. Specifically evaluates the adequacy of the constructs therapy worked and the existence of new issues relevant to the patient not included in the model, and the overall consistency of the model for the structure, tasks and content. Method: The methodology was qualitative, one cycle of 8 sessions of PCC was recorded and transcribed, and was made a thematic analysis of the content of the sessions. The analysis was performed by two reviewers independently. The final sample consisted of 9 patients. Result: The results indicate that in general there is a good adequacy of the constructs worked in therapy and the model. However, it will be necessary to include the issue of «interpersonal relationships», very important for the patient and not included in the model. In addition, information of the main concerns of patients, difficulty performing some tasks proposed and positive feedback of psychotherapy and its participation, were obtained. Conclusions: This pilot study provides relevant information to adjust and improve the initial proposed model of PCC (AU)

Engagement of nurses in their profession. Qualitative study on engagement. / Implicación de las enfermeras en su profesión. Un estudio cualitativo sobre el engagement.

OBJECTIVE: To identify common issues of nurses with high engagement to enable us to develop the construct as it applies to nursing in more depth. METHOD: Based on the constructivist paradigm and with a phenomenological approach, a qualitative content analysis was conducted using an inductive approach. Participants were nurses working in direct care in different healthcare areas. The sample size was determined by data saturation and 15 participants were interviewed. RESULTS: The units of meaning were grouped into 11 subcategories, and then into 7 categories termed vigour, dedication, reward, autonomy, social support, conciliation and attributes of nurses. Then these categories were grouped into 3 major themes: job characteristics, characteristics of organizations, and individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Having high engagement does not mean ignoring the negative aspects of work and organizations. Nurses who maintain high engagement are also affected by the negative aspects, however the assessment of positive aspects such as enjoying the work, the meaning of being a nurse, reward and autonomy enable the process of depletion of engagement to be overcome. In view of the findings, we propose reconceptualising the construct, taking the features of nursing into account.

Una estrategia simple para potenciar el bienestar de los pacientes de cáncer: el diálogo enfermera-paciente durante la administración de la quimioterapia / Simple strategy to promote well-being in cancer patients: Nurse-patient dialogue during the administration of chemotherapy

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Effects of a positive emotion-based adjuvant psychological therapy in colorectal cancer patients: a pilot study / Efectos de una terapia psicológica adyuvante en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal: un estudio piloto

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of an "Enhancing Positive Emotions Procedure" (EPEP) based on positive psychology and cognitive behavioral therapy in relieving distress at the time of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in colorectal cancer patients (CRC). It is expected that EPEP will increase quality of life and positive affect in CRC patients during chemotherapy treatment intervention and at 1 month follow-up. Method: A group of 24 CRC patients received the EPEP procedure (intervention group), whereas another group of 20 CRC patients did not receive the EPEP (control group). Quality of life (EORTC-QLQC30), and mood (PANAS) were assessed in three moments: prior to enter the study (T1), at the end of the time required to apply the EPEP (T2, 6 weeks after T1), and, at follow-up (T3, one-month after T2). Patient’s assessments of the EPEP (improving in mood states, and significance of the attention received) were assessed with Lickert scales. Results: Insomnia was reduced in the intervention group. Treatment group had better scores on positive affect although there were no significantly differences between groups and over time. There was a trend to better scores at T2 and T3 for the intervention group on global health status, physical, role, and social functioning scales. Patients stated that positive mood was enhanced and that EPEP was an important resource Conclusions: CRC patients receiving EPEP during chemotherapy believed that this intervention was important. Furthermore, EPEP seems to improve positive affect and quality of life. EPEP has potential benefits, and its implementation to CRC patients should be considered

Objetivo: Examinar la eficacia de un programa basado en la Psicología Positiva y en la terapia cognitivo-conductual (EPEP) para incrementar emociones positivas y reducir malestar en pacientes de cáncer colorrectal (CRC) que reciben quimioterapia adyuvante. Se espera que el EPEP mejore calidad de vida y estados de ánimo durante la quimioterapia y en el seguimiento un mes después. Método: Un grupo de 24 CRC recibió el EPEP (grupo de intervención: GI), y otro grupo de 20 CRC no recibió el EPEP (grupo control: GC). Se evaluaron la calidad de vida (EORTC-QLQC30) y los estados de ánimo (PANAS) en tres momentos: al entrar en el estudio (T1); 6 semanas después, tiempo de aplicación del EPEP (T2), y un mes después del T2 (seguimiento:T3). Las opiniones de los pacientes sobre el EPEP (mejoría del estado de ánimo e importancia de la atención recibida) fueron evaluadas con escalas Lickert. Resultados: El GI mostró mejores puntuaciones en estado de ánimo positivo, aunque sin diferencias significativas con el GC. Las puntuaciones en T2 y T3 tendían a ser mejores en el GI en nivel global de salud, y en las escalas física, social y de rol, El GI redujo el nivel de insomnio. Los pacientes indicaron que el EPEP era importante y mejoraba el estado de ánimo. Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que el EPEP mejora el estado de ánimo positivo y la calidad de vida, y los pacientes lo consideraron importante y útil. El EPEP es potencialmente beneficioso y debería considerarse la posibilidad de implementarlo en pacientes CRC